The Intel Xeon Gold 5423N is a server/workstation processor with 20 cores, launched in January 2023. It is part of the Xeon Gold lineup, using the Sapphire Rapids-SP architecture with Socket 4677. Thanks to Intel Hyper-Threading the core-count is effectively doubled, to 40 threads. Xeon Gold 5423N has 37.5 MB of L3 cache and operates at 2.1 GHz by default, but can boost up to 4 GHz, depending on the workload. Intel is making the Xeon Gold 5423N on a 10 nm production node, the transistor count is unknown. The multiplier is locked on Xeon Gold 5423N, which limits its overclocking potential.
With a TDP of 145 W, the Xeon Gold 5423N consumes a lot of power, so good cooling is definitely needed. Intel’s processor supports DDR5 memory with an eight-channel interface. The highest officially supported memory speed is 4000 MT/s, but with overclocking (and the right memory modules) you can go even higher. ECC memory is supported, too, which is an important capability for mission-critical systems, to avoid data corruption. For communication with other components in the machine, Xeon Gold 5423N uses a PCI-Express Gen 4 connection. This processor lacks integrated graphics, you might need a graphics card.
Hardware virtualization is available on the Xeon Gold 5423N, which greatly improves virtual machine performance. Additionally, IOMMU virtualization (PCI passthrough) is supported, so that guest virtual machines may directly use host hardware. Programs using Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) can run on this processor, boosting performance for calculation-heavy applications. Besides AVX, Intel has added support for the newer AVX2 and AVX-512 instructions, too.